ROI and ROAS: how to measure campaign returns
ROAS and ROI are the two most used metrics to judge marketing spend. They look similar but answer different questions, and confusing them leads to keeping campaigns that lose money.
ROAS: revenue per dollar of ads
ROAS = revenue attributed to the channel ÷ channel cost. A ROAS of 4 means $4 in sales for every $1 spent. It ignores product cost, so a high ROAS does not guarantee profit.
ROI: profit per dollar invested
ROI = (revenue × contribution margin − cost) ÷ cost. It deducts what the products cost and shows the real return. An ROI of 50% means each dollar spent came back as $1.50 of margin.
Break-even ROAS
The minimum ROAS for a channel to pay for itself is 1 ÷ contribution margin. With a 35% margin, it is 2.86: below that, every sale brought in by the channel costs more than it leaves.
| Contribution margin | Break-even ROAS |
|---|---|
| 20% | 5.00 |
| 35% | 2.86 |
| 50% | 2.00 |
| 70% | 1.43 |
Beware of attribution
Ad platforms tend to credit themselves with sales that also passed through other channels. Use one attribution model for every channel and, when possible, compare it with your own sales records. Also consider customer lifetime value: a channel below break-even on the first purchase may pay off with repeat purchases.